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ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemic trends and current status in the prevalence of schistosomiasis in Jiangxi Province from 2002 to 2021， and to provide evidence for formulating and optimizing schistosomiasis control strategies in the province. MethodsEpidemiological data of schistosomiasis in Jiangxi Province from 2002 to 2021 were collected. The Joinpoint regression model was used to investigate the epidemic trends of schistosomiasis， and the annual average percent change （AAPC） was used to assess the changing trend of schistosomiasis infection in humans and bovines. SPSS 25.0 software was used to analyze the target achievement status， infection rate of schistosomiasis in humans and the areas with snails in 2021 to evaluate the differences among various districts and epidemic regions. ResultsBy 2021， 24 counties （61.50%） in the province had achieved the elimination goal， with hilly and marsh counties reaching 82.60% and 31.30%， respectively. The seropositive rate of schistosomiasis in human was 3.51% across the province. However， the seropositive rate in marshland areas （4.77%） was significantly higher than that in hilly areas （1.23 %） （χ2=3 827.51， P<0.001）. The total area with snails in the province was 84 938.32 hm2， including 82 196.86 hm2 in marshland areas and 2 741.46 hm2 in hilly areas. From 2002 to 2021， the infection rate of schistosomiasis in the humans and bovines exhibited a declining trend， with AAPC values of -48.70 and -39.70， respectively. The decline rate in the hilly areas was higher than that in marshland areas. However， the area with snail showed an upward trend （AAPC=0.50）， with a growth rate of 5.80% in hilly areas， which was greater than that in marshland areas （0.40%）. ConclusionFrom 2002 to 2021， the infection rate of schistosomiasis in humans and bovines in Jiangxi Province continued to decline， while the areas with snails increased. The prevention focus should still be on the marshland endemic areas， and attention should also be given to the risk of schistosomiasis in hilly endemic areas. Therefore， it is necessary to continue implementing a comprehensive prevention and control strategy that emphasizes controlling the sources of infection and adopts tailored measures based on local conditions and precise policies.
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objectiveTo explore the specific molecular mechanism of neuronal apoptosis induced by ATM inactivation. MethodsCGNs matured 7 days in vitro were cultured 8 h with 25 K， 5 K or 25 K medium containing ATM-specific inhibitors （Ku55933， 10 µmol/L； Ku60019， 15 µmol/L） for Hoechst stain and apoptosis analysis， or cultured for different lengths of time （2， 4， 8 h） to detect the protein expression levels of ATM， caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 by Western blotting. ATM and GADD45α specific siRNA was transfected into C6 cells and CGNs， and its interference efficiency was verified by q-PCR and Western blotting. CGNs matured for 5 days in vitro were transfected with ATM specific siRNA and pCMV-EGFP by calcium phosphate for 48 h， Hoechst staining and apoptosis analysis were performed. CGNs matured for 7 days in vitro were treated with 25 K medium containing ATM specific inhibitors for 8 h， transcriptome sequencing， differential expression gene identification and pathway enrichment analysis were performed. CGNs matured for 5 days in vitro were co-transfected with GADD45α specific siRNA and pCMV-EGFP by calcium phosphate for 48 h， then treated with 5 K or 25 K medium containing 15 µmol/L Ku6 for 8 h. Hoechst staining and apoptosis analysis were performed. ResultsCompared with the 25 K， CGNs nuclear pyknosis rate， cleaved Caspase-3 and ATM protein expression level were increased in the 5 K and ATM-specific inhibitor groups. The mRNA and protein expression levels of ATM and GADD45α were effectively reduced after transfection of ATM and GADD45α specific siRNA in C6 cells and CGNs. Compared with control， CGNs transfected with ATM specific siRNA showed a higher nuclear pyknosis rate. Totally 835 genes were identified to be up-regulated and 848 genes to be down-regulated in the Ku55933 treatment group； 454 genes were identified to be up-regulated and 314 genes to be down-regulated in the Ku6 treatment group； 274 genes were co-up regulated in the Ku5 and Ku60019 treatment groups， while 179 genes were co-down-regulated in the Ku5 and Ku6 treatment groups and the expression of ATM downstream target GADD45α was upregulated. The enrichment results showed that TNF signaling pathway， NF-κB signaling pathway and Apoptosis signaling pathway were significantly enriched. Compared with control， mRNA and protein expression levels of GADD45α were increased in inhibitor treatment and 5 K， while knocking down GADD45α resulted in a decrease in nuclear pyknosis rate in the Ku60019 and 5 K treatment group. ConclusionLoss of ATM activity induces GADD45α-dependent cerebellar granular neuronal apoptosis.
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Objective@#The study aims to explore the associations of family functioning with sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms among primary and secondary school students, to provide scientific reference for preventing depression in primary and middle school students.@*Methods@#A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 124 357 primary and secondary school students in Baoan District, Shenzhen. A self administered general information questionnaire, the Youth Self Rating Insomnia Scale, and the Patient Heath Questionnaire-9 were used to assess the students demographic characteristics, family functioning, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms.@*Results@#About 34.6% of students reported moderate family dysfunction, and 8.7% reported severe family dysfunction. The prevalence rates of sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms were 13.0% and 13.1% in elementary and secondary school students, respectively. The prevalence rates of sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms were statistically significantly higher in girls(14.6%, 16.8%) than boys(11.6%, 9.9%) ( χ 2=255.25, 1 269.50, P <0.01). Depressive symptoms were positively correlated with sleep disturbance ( r =0.61) and negatively correlated with family functioning ( r =-0.31)( P <0.01). Family functioning moderated the relationship between sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms, and the positive predictive effect of sleep disturbance on depressive symptoms decreases as the level of family functioning increases.@*Conclusion@#Family functioning buffers the effects of sleep disturbance on depressive symptoms among primary and secondary school students. Attention should be paid to sleep quality among primary and secondary school students, to improve their family functioning, and thus decrease and prevent the occurrence of depression in adolescents.
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Objective:To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of serological indicators and evaluate the diagnostic value of a new established combined serological model on identifying the minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in patients with compensated cirrhosis.Methods:This prospective multicenter study enrolled 263 compensated cirrhotic patients from 23 hospitals in 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China between October 2021 and August 2022. Clinical data and laboratory test results were collected, and the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was calculated. Ammonia level was corrected to the upper limit of normal (AMM-ULN) by the baseline blood ammonia measurements/upper limit of the normal reference value. MHE was diagnosed by combined abnormal number connection test-A and abnormal digit symbol test as suggested by Guidelines on the management of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis. The patients were randomly divided (7∶3) into training set ( n=185) and validation set ( n=78) based on caret package of R language. Logistic regression was used to establish a combined model of MHE diagnosis. The diagnostic performance was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curve. The internal verification was carried out by the Bootstrap method ( n=200). AUC comparisons were achieved using the Delong test. Results:In the training set, prevalence of MHE was 37.8% (70/185). There were statistically significant differences in AMM-ULN, albumin, platelet, alkaline phosphatase, international normalized ratio, MELD score and education between non-MHE group and MHE group (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that AMM-ULN [odds ratio ( OR)=1.78, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.05-3.14, P=0.038] and MELD score ( OR=1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.20, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for MHE, and the AUC for predicting MHE were 0.663, 0.625, respectively. Compared with the use of blood AMM-ULN and MELD score alone, the AUC of the combined model of AMM-ULN, MELD score and education exhibited better predictive performance in determining the presence of MHE was 0.755, the specificity and sensitivity was 85.2% and 55.7%, respectively. Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curve showed that the model had good calibration ( P=0.733). The AUC for internal validation of the combined model for diagnosing MHE was 0.752. In the validation set, the AUC of the combined model for diagnosing MHE was 0.794, and Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good calibration ( P=0.841). Conclusion:Use of the combined model including AMM-ULN, MELD score and education could improve the predictive efficiency of MHE among patients with compensated cirrhosis.
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The standardized treatment of malignant tumor has always been the direction of continuous improvement of major medical institutions. In recent years, the basic research, prevention, screening and diagnosis and treatment level of gastric, gastroesophageal junction and esophageal cancer have been greatly improved, resulting in a significant improvement in the 5 years′ survival rate of patients, but there are still great differences in the diagnosis and treatment level among different regions. Chinese gastric cancer, gastroesophageal junction cancer and esophageal cancer differ greatly from European and American countries in etiology, pathological types, high incidence sites, etc. Therefore, the relevant guidelines of European and American countries cannot fully meet Chinese clinical practice. In 2021, Elsevier Publishing Group launched the Chinese edition of Elsevier clinical pathway for gastric, gastroesophageal junction and esophageal cancer, and the first update edition was made in 2022, which aims to promote the quality control of tumor diagnosis and treatment, standardize tumor diagnosis and treatment behaviors, promote the homogenization and standardization of tumor diagnosis and treatment, and ultimately improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients with malignant tumor. This pathway refers to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network clinical practice guidelines, the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines, combines evidence-based medicine and clinical experience, and follows the scientific, universal, standardized and operable principles. It has been promoted and applied in clinical practice, and is constantly updated according to the latest research results.
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Objective:To evaluate the role of deubiquitinase OTUD1 in acute lung injury in septic mice and the relationship with transforming growth factor-beta activated kinase 1(TAK1)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.Methods:Twenty male wild-type (WT) and 20 OTUD1 gene knockout (KO) C57BL/6N mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: wild-type+ sham operation group (WT-Sham group), wild-type+ sepsis group (WT-SEP group), OTUD1-KO+ sham operation group (KO-Sham group) and OTUD1-KO+ SEP group (KO-SEP group). The acute lung injury was induced by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) in anesthetized septic mice. Mice were sacrificed at 24 h after operation, blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta, and lung tissues were collected. Blood gas analysis was performed using the i-STAT blood gas analyzer, PaO 2 and FiO 2 were recorded, and the oxygenation index (OI) was calculated. The morphology of lung tissues was examined with a light microscope for evaluation of lung injury, and lung injury scores were calculated. The wet to dry lung weight (W/D) ratio was measured, and the activities of MPO were measured. The concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression of OTUD1, phosphorylated TAK1 (p-TAK1), phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), phosphorylated c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (p-JNK) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) was detected using Western blot. Results:Compared with WT-Sham group, the PaO 2 and OI were significantly decreased, the lung injury score, W/D ratio, MPO activity, and plasma TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations were increased, and the expression of OTUD1, p-TAK1, p-p38, p-JNK and p-ERK protein in lung tissues was up-regulated in WT-SEP group ( P<0.05). Compared with WT-SEP group, the PaO 2 and OI were significantly decreased, the lung injury score, W/D ratio, MPO activity, and plasma TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations were increased, and the expression of OTUD1, p-TAK1, p-p38, p-JNK and p-ERK protein in lung tissues was up-regulated in KO-SEP group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:OTUD1 is involved in the endogenous protective mechanism against acute lung injury in septic mice, which may be related to the inhibition of TAK1-MAPK signaling pathway activation and decreased inflammatory responses.
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Objective:To explore the comparative study of video laryngoscopy combined with bronchial blocker and video laryngoscopy combined with double-lumen tube in the teaching of endotracheal intubation in thoracic surgery in the standardized residency training of anesthesia.Methods:The trainees of the standardized residency training were randomly divided into control group and experimental group for clinical teaching, with 25 ones in each group. The experimental group was treated with visual laryngoscopy combined with bronchial blocker, while the control group was treated with visual laryngoscopy combined with double-lumen tube group. The intubation time, intubation success rate, positioning time, hemodynamic changes, and complication incidence during intubation, as well as student assessment results were recorded. GraphPad Prism 6.0 was used for t test and Chi-square test. Results:The time of endotracheal intubation [(95.3±10.1) vs. (137.5±13.5)] and positioning time [(100.8±11.7) vs. (155.4±15.3)] in the experimental group were both shorter than those of the control group ( P< 0.001), the hemodynamic changes in patients with immediate intubation were smaller ( P<0.001), the success rate of intubation was higher (92% vs. 68%) ( P<0.001), the complication incidence was lower ( P<0.001) and the students' performance was higher ( P<0.001). Conclusion:In the anesthesia teaching of thoracic surgery, bronchial blocker can reduce the time of endotracheal intubation, lower the hemodynamic changes during intubation, cut down the incidence of complications, improve the success rate of endotracheal intubation and enhance the confidence of students.
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@#Objective ， To investigate the role of serum chemokines and oxidative and antioxidant biomarkers in occupational （ silicosis） Methods silicosis hereinafter referred to as . A total of 58 patients with stage Ⅰ silicosis were selected as the - （ ）， research subjects using convenient sampling method. The serum levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 Nrf2 -（ - ） - （ - - ） - heme oxygenase 1 HO 1 and 8 isoprstaglandin F2α 8 iso PGF2α were determined by enzyme linked immunesorbent assay. （ ） （ - ） The serum levels of lipid peroxide LPO and total antioxidant capacity TAOC were determined by chemistry colorimetric method. - - （ - ）， Luminex flow fluorescence technology was used to detect the serum levels of interferon γ inducible protein10 IP10 macrophage （ ）- ， - - （ ） inflammatory protein MIP 1α MIP1β and macrophagederived chemokine MDC . The above indicators were analyzed by factor Results - analysis. The information extraction rate of the original indicators of the nine biomarkers was 58.5%96.5%. Four common ， ， （ ） ， factors were extracted including Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway helper T cell Th 1 dominant chemotaxis the total ， ， ， ， ， oxidation/antioxidant balance and Th2 dominant chemotaxis whose variance contribution rates were 32.2% 19.1% 16.4% ， ， Conclusion - and 11.8% respectively and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 79.5%. Both the oxidant antioxidant ， disturbance and the dominance chemotaxis are involved in the occurrence and development of silicosis and the Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway plays the most critical role.
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Solid dispersion, a dispersion system in which drug molecules are highly dispersed in carrier materials, has been commonly used to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs. The miscibility between drug and carrier is crucial to improve the dissolution performance and stability of solid dispersion. Therefore, the selection of carrier types and the optimization of drug loading are very important. In the current study, the solubility parameter method and Flory-Huggins theory were used to predict the miscibility between olaparib (OLP) and different carriers (VA64, Soluplus, Plasdone S630 and Kollidon K29/32). Besides, the carrier material with good miscibility was experimentally screened by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The optimum of drug-carrier ratio was further performed based on the miscibility phase diagram of drug and carrier. Theoretical calculation and experimental evaluation showed that the miscibility of OLP and VA64 was the best, and the drug loading of 30% could meet the requirements of large drug loading and physical stability. Polarizing light microscope, X-ray powder diffraction, DSC and laser confocal Raman spectroscopy exhibited that OLP was amorphous form in the solid dispersion system. Powder dissolution test demonstrated that the solid dispersion showed significantly enhanced dissolution rate in comparison to crystalline OLP. In this study, theoretical calculation and experimental evaluation were used to screen the types of carriers and optimize the drug loading, which provides an efficient strategy for the selection of carrier and the amount used in solid dispersion.
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@#Objective To investigate the relationship between gait spatiotemporal parameters and balance function in stroke hemiplegic patients. Methods From September, 2018 to March, 2020, 76 stroke hemiplegic patients (38 in Brunnstrom Ⅳ and V, respectively) were assessed balance function with Active Balancer EAB-100 and Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), and gait parameters of speed, cadence and asymmetry, named step length asymmetry ratio (SLA), swing time asymmetry ratio (SWTA), stance time asymmetry ratio (STA), maximum flexion angle ratio (MFA) of hip and knee. The correlation among gait parameters and balance function was analysed. Results The balance and gait parameters were better in those in Brunnstrom V than in Brunnstrom Ⅳ (|t| > 2.268, P < 0.05). The speed and cadence correlated with the most balance indexes (|r| > 0.335, P < 0.05). SLA correlated with SEBT in Brunnstrom Ⅳ patients (r = -0.467~-0.613, P < 0.01), while it correlated with medial-lateral (M-L) stability limits in Brunnstrom V patients (r = -0.356, P = 0.028). SWTA correlated with stability limit of Anterior-Posterior (A-P) (r = -0.335, P = 0.040) and M-L (r = 0.510, P = 0.001), and most of SEBT (r = -0.330~ -0.445, P < 0.05) in Brunnstrom Ⅳ patients. MFA of hip and knee correlated with balance indexes in Brunnstrom Ⅳ patients (|r| > 0.326, P < 0.05), while MFA of knee correlated with most balance indexes in Brunnstrom V patients (r > 0.329, P < 0.05), and MFA of hip correlated with A-P stability limit (r = 0.369, P = 0.023). Conclusion Both speed and cadence of steps can well respond to the balance function in stroke hemiplegic patients. For the asymmetry, it is related with balance in patients with poorer recovery.
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Objective @#To investigate the economic burden of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions, so as to provide the evidence for improving the management of cervical cancer and formulating the policies for reducing the economic burden of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. @*Methods@#The hospitalized patients with cervical cancer and precancerous lesions were recruited from four hospitals in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from September 2020 to June 2021. The direct medical expenditures, direct non-medical expenditures, duration of absence from work in patients and their family members as carers were collected using a questionnaire designed by the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and the economic burdens of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions were estimated. The factors affecting the economic burden of cervical cancer were identified using a multivariable linear regression model.@*Results@#Totally 265 patients with cervical cancer and precancerous lesions were included, with an average age of ( 49.80±10.07 ) years. There were 170 patients with cervical cancer, including 64 cases with stage I, 79 cases with stage II, and 27 cases with stages III/Ⅳ, and 95 patients with precancerous lesions, including 33 cases with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion ( LSIL ) and 62 cases with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion ( HSIL ). The median economic burdens (interquartile range) were 11 481 ( 4 523 ), 17 850 ( 9 096 ), 112 883 ( 59 623 ), 150 875 ( 105 206 ) and 197 842 ( 61 844 ) Yuan per patient among cases with LSIL, HSIL, and stage I, II and III/Ⅳ cervical cancer, respectively, among which the direct medical expenditures accounted for 85.89% to 93.86%. The median economic burdens (interquartile range) were 708 ( 1 711 ), 11 678 (6 590), 2 557 ( 19 472 ), and 14 943 ( 27 773 ) Yuan per patient with precancerous lesions, and were 910 (1 530), 105 770 ( 91 019 ), 39 765 ( 30 490 ), and 146 445 ( 123 039 ) Yuan per patient with cervical cancer during the diagnostic phase, the clinical treatment phase, the follow-up phase, and in total, respectively. Multivariable linear regression analysis results showed that pathological stage ( β'=0.202, P=0.003 ) and duration of hospital stay ( β'=0.695, P<0.001 ) correlated with the economic burden among patients with cervical cancer. @*Conclusion@#There is a high economic burden among patients with cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. Advanced pathological stage and long duration of hospital stay may increase the economic burden among cervical cancer patients.
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Objective:To evaluate the role of tumour necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) in the acute lung injury (ALI) induced by endotoxin in mice.Methods:Forty SPF healthy adult male BALB/c mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: vehicle plasmid group (VP group), vehicle plasmid plus ALI group (VP+ ALI group), TIPE2 adeno-associated virus overexpression group (T group) and TIPE2 adeno-associated virus overexpression plus ALI group (T+ ALI group). The mice in VP and VP+ ALI groups were injected with empty adeno-associated virus, while the mice in T and T+ ALI groups were intratracheally given adeno-associated virus carrying TIPE interference sequence.Three weeks later, the model of endotoxin-induced ALI was established.Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 5 mg/kg was intratracheally given in VP+ ALI and T+ ALI groups, and the equal volume of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was given in VP and T groups.Blood samples were obtained from the abdominal aorta at 24 h after injection of LPS for blood gas analysis, oxygenation index (OI) was calculated, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The animals were then sacrificed, and lung tissues were removed for examination of pathological changes which were scored after haematoxylin and eosin staining, for calculation of the wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio) and for determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and the expression of TIPE2, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) (by Western blot). Results:Compared with VP group, the lung injury score, W/D ratio, MPO activity and concentration of serum TNF-α were significantly increased, PaO 2 and OI were decreased, expression of TIPE2 was down-regulated and expression of p-JNK and NF-κB was up-regulated in VP+ ALI group ( P<0.05). Compared with VP+ ALI group, the lung injury score, W/D ratio, MPO activity and concentration of serum TNF-α were significantly decreased, PaO 2 and OI were increased, expression of TIPE2 was up-regulated and expression of p-JNK and NF-κB was down-regulated in T+ ALI group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The down-regulation of TIPE2 expression is involved in the process of ALI induced by endotoxin in mice.
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Objective:To evaluate the effects of esketamine on pyrolysis in lung tissues of rats with endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI).Methods:SPF healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 200-220 g, aged 8 weeks, were divided into 3 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), endotoxin-induced ALI group (group ALI) and esketamine group (group E). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 10 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected to establish the model of endotoxin-induced ALI model.The equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride injection was intraperitoneally injected in group C. Esketamine 10 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 30 min of injection of LPS in group E. Lung tissues were removed after blood samples were collected from hearts at 24 h after injection of LPS for determination of concentrations of serum interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-8 (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), the wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio), activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) (by colorimetric assay) and the expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) (by Western blot) and for examination of pathological changes which were scored after haematoxylin and eosin staining and ultrastructure (using an electron microscope). Results:Compared with group C, the lung injury score, W/D ratio, MPO activity, expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and GSDMD and concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 in serum were significantly increased in ALI and E groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group ALI, the lung injury score, W/D ratio, MPO activity, expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and GSDMD and concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 in serum were significantly decreased in group E ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism by which esketamine reduces endotoxin-induced ALI is related with inhibition of pyrolysis in lung tissues of rats.
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Objective:To evaluate the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein-8 like-2 (TIPE2) in endogenous protective mechanism of acute lung injury (ALI) in septic mice and the relationship with triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1)/NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling pathway.Methods:Twenty male wild-type mice and 20 TIPE2 knockout mice were divided into 4 groups using a random number table method: wild-type+ sham operation group (group WT-sham), wild-type+ ALI group (group WT-ALI), TIPE2-knockout+ sham operation group (group KO-sham) and TIPE2-knockout+ CLP group (group KO-ALI), with 10 mice in each group.The ALI model was established by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) in septic mice.Mice were sacrificed after blood samples were obtained from the abdominal aorta at 24 h after CLP, and lung tissue specimens were obtained for microscopic examination of pathological changes (with a light microscope) which were scored and for determination of wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, expression of TIPE2, TREM-1, NLRP3, caspase-1 and GSDMD (by Western blot), and concentrations of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-18 in serum (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).Results:Compared with group WT-sham, the lung injury score, W/D ratio, MPO activity and concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 in serum were significantly increased, the expression of TREM-1, NLRP3, caspase-1 and GSDMD was up-regulated, and the expression of TIPE2 was down-regulated in group WT-ALI and group KO-ALI ( P<0.05). Compared with group WT-ALI, the lung injury score, W/D ratio, MPO activity and concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 in serum were significantly increased, the expression of TREM-1, NLRP3, caspase-1 and GSDMD was up-regulated, and the expression of TIPE2 was down-regulated in group KO-ALI ( P<0.05). Conclusion:TIPE2 is involved in endogenous protective mechanism of ALI in septic mice, which is related to inhibition of activation of TREM-1/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.
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Objective:To evaluate the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein-8 like-2 (TIPE2) in endogenous protective mechanism of acute lung injury (ALI) in septic mice and the relationship with transforming growth factor-β-activated protein kinase (TAK1)/p38-mitogen-activated phosphokinase (p38 MAPK)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway.Methods:Sixteen male wild-type mice and 16 TIPE2-knockout mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups: wild-type sham operation group (group WT-sham), wild-type ALI group (group WT-ALI), TIPE2-knockout sham operation group (group KO-sham) and TIPE2-knockout ALI group (group KO-ALI), with 8 mice in each group.The ALI model was established by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) in septic mice.Mice were sacrificed at 24 h after CLP to acquire left carotid artery blood samples and lung tissue sections.Lung tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) to examine the pathological changes and lung injury scores were assessed.Arterial blood samples were collected from the left carotid artery for blood gas analysis, and oxygenation index (OI) was calculated.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected to measure polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) count.The expression of TIPE2, phosphorylated TAK1 (p-TAK1), phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38) MAPK and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65) was detected using Western blot analysis.The levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Compared with group WT-sham, the lung injury score, PMN counts and concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 in serum were significantly increased, the expression of p-TAK1, p-p38 MAPK and p-NF-κB p65 was up-regulated, the PaO 2 and OI were decreased, and the expression of TIPE2 was down-regulated in WT-ALI and KO-ALI groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group WT-ALI, the lung injury score, PMN counts and concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 in serum were significantly increased, the expression of p-TAK1, p-p38 MAPK and p-NF-κB p65 was up-regulated, the PaO 2 and OI were decreased, and the expression of TIPE2 was down-regulated in group KO-ALI ( P<0.05). Conclusion:TIPE2 is involved in the endogenous protective mechanism underlying ALI in septic mice, which is related to inhibiting activation of TAK1/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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NG2-glia are a major type of glial cells that are widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS). Under physiological conditions, they mainly differentiate into oligodendrocytes and contribute to the myelination of axons, so they are generally called oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Emerging evidence suggests that NG2-glia not only act as the precursors of oligodendrocytes but also possess many other biological properties and functions. For example, NG2-glia can form synapse with neurons and participate in energy metabolism and immune regulation. Under pathological conditions, NG2-glia can also differentiate into astrocytes, Schwann cells and even neurons, which are involved in CNS injury and repair. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the biological characteristics and functions of NG2-glia under physiological and pathological conditions will be helpful for the treatment of CNS injury and disease. This article reviews the recent advances in the biological characteristics and functions of NG2-glia.
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Astrocytes , Central Nervous System , Neuroglia , Neurons , OligodendrogliaABSTRACT
Unhealthy diet, habits and drug abuse cause a variety of liver diseases, including steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, which seriously affect human health. The fabrication of highly simulated cell models in vitro is important in the treatment of liver diseases and drug development. This article summarized the common strategies for the construction of liver pathology models
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Disease Models, Animal , Liver , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathologyABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the rehabilitation effect of modified Guipitang administration combined with traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） hot pressing in patients with deficiency of Qi and blood syndrome breast cancer postoperative， and investigate its effect on immune function and tumor markers. Method:One hundred and fifty-four patients were divided into observation group （77 cases） and control group （77 cases） by random number table. Two groups were given comprehensive treatment measures after operation. Patients in control group additionally took Bazhen granules orally， 8 g/time， 2 times/day， for eight weeks. Patients in observation group additionally took Guipitang orally for syndrome differentiation， 1 dose/day for eight weeks. The chest， shoulders and upper limbs of the affected side were hot-pressed with TCM， 20 min/time， 2 times/ day， 5 days a week， the first 4 weeks. The occurrence of lymphedema， subcutaneous fluid， poor skin flap growth， sleep disturbance， shoulder joint dysfunction， etc. Were recorded in both groups. Before and after treatment， the scores of European organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire core-30（EORTC QLQ-30）， and scores of cancer-induced fatigue and Qi and blood deficiency were graded. T lymphocyte subsets （CD3<sup>+</sup>， CD4<sup>+</sup>， CD8<sup>+</sup> levels and CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>+</sup>）， regulatory T cells （Treg）， inhibitory T cells （Ts）， cytotoxic T cells （Tc）， human growth differentiation factor 3 （GDF3）， serum carbohydrate antigen 153 （CA153）， carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） and human epidermal growth factor -2 （HER-2） levels were detected before and after treatment. Result:After treatment， the observation group incidence of lymphedema， subcutaneous effusion， poor skin flap growth， sleep disturbance and shoulder joint dysfunction was 8（10.39%）， 9（11.69%）， 11（14.29%）， 25（32.47%） and 8 （10.39%） respectively in the observation group， all lower than 18（23.38%）， 20（25.97%）， 23（29.87%）， 46（59.74%） and 19（24.68%） in the control group（<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. The scores of overall quality of life and function scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， hile symptom score was lower than that in the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The scores of cancer-induced fatigue deficiency of Qi and blood syndrome in the observation group were lower than those in the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The Tc， CD3<sup>+</sup>， CD4<sup>+</sup>， CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>+</sup> levels in the observation group were higher than those of the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while the Treg， Ts， CD8<sup>+</sup> levels were lower than those in the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The GDF3， CA153， CEA， HER-2 levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:On the basis of conventional comprehensive interventions of western medicine， Guipitang combined with TCM hot pressing for breast cancer patients after surgery can reduce postoperative complications， reduce fatigue， postoperative symptoms and TCM syndromes. Besides， it can enhance the immune function of the body， improve the quality of life， promote postoperative recovery， and inhibit the expression of tumor markers， thus improving the prognosis of patients.
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Objective To investigate the effectiveness and cost of 50% and 80% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (NESWP) and 26% metaldehyde and niclosamide suspension concentrate (MNSC) in hilly schistosomiasis-endemic regions, so as to provide insights into the selection of chemical molluscicides in hilly regions. Methods In September 2020, a wasteland in Guanshanqiao Village, Yanrui Township, Yushan County of Jiangxi Province was selected as the experimental region, which was sectioned into five blocks and defined as four experimental groups (A1, A2, B, C) and a blank control group (D). 80% NESWP were given at doses of 1 g/m2 and 1.5 g/m2 in groups A1 and A2 using the spraying method, 50% NESWP was given at a dose of 2 g/m2 in Group B using the spraying method, and 26% MNSC was at a dose of 4 g/m2 in Group C using the spraying method, while no chemical treatment was given in Group D. Snail survey was performed using a systematic sampling method before chemical treatment and 1, 3, 7 d and 15 d post-treatment to examine the molluscicidal effect, and all molluscicidal costs were estimated to calculate the cost of chemical treatment per 1 m2 and the cost of the reduction in the mean density of living snails per 1%. Results The highest mortality of snails was 78.95% and the lowest density of living snails was 0.2388 snails/0.1 m2 in the experimental groups within 7 d of chemical treatment, and the highest mortality of snails was 94.74% and the lowest density of living snails was 0.058 0 snails/0.1 m2 7 d post-treatment. There were no significant differences in the snail mortality among the A1, A2, B and C groups 1 (χ2 = 2.250, P > 0.05), 3 (χ2 = 1.779, P > 0.05) or 15 d post-treatment (χ2 = 2.286, P > 0.05), while a significant difference was detected in the snail mortality among the four groups 7 d post-treatment (χ2 = 7.990, P = 0.046). In addition, there were no significant differences in the snail mortality between A1 and A2 groups 1 (χ2 = 0.724, P > 0.05), 3 (χ2 = 0.584, P > 0.05), 7 (χ2 = 0.400, P > 0.05) or 15 d post-treatment (χ2 = 0.251, P > 0.05). The costs of chemical treatment per 1 m2 were 0.58, 0.60, 0.64 Yuan and 0.73 Yuan in groups A1, A2, B and C, and the costs of the mean density of living snail per 1% reduction were 19.29, 20.44, 21.68 Yuan and 23.53 Yuan in groups A1, A2, B and C, respectively. Conclusion 80% NESWP shows a high molluscicidal efficacy and low cost in hilly schistosomiasis-endemic regions.
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【Objective】 To study the clinical characteristics and treatment of patients with acute hemolytic anemia crisis induced by levofloxacin. 【Methods】 The levofloxacin antibody was detected by the microcolumn gel method and scored by the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale(APS). Patients suffered from acute hemolysis anemia induced by levofloxacin was rescued by whole blood exchange(WBE) and therapeutic plasma exchange(TPE). 【Results】 The patient was diagnosed as acute hemolysis induced by levofloxacin as levofloxacin antibody was yielded, and 7 points scored by the Naranjo APS. After WBE and TPE treatment, the patient′s clinical symptoms and signs improved rapidly. Supplemented with immunoglobulin and hormone therapy, the patient was discharged on d 10 after treatment. 【Conclusion】 Levofloxacin can induce acute hemolytic anemia crisis, and WBE and TPR are effective rescue methods.